Fatalistic suicide occurs when a person experiences too much social regulation. Anomic suicide occurs when there is very little social regulation from a sense of aimlessness or despair. Egoistic suicide occurs when one is not very socially integrated. Altruistic suicide occurs when one is too socially integrated. He stated four different types of suicide from the relationship between social integration and social regulation: Durkheim's theory attributes social deviance to extremes of social integration and social regulation. Social integration is the attachment to groups and institutions, while social regulation is the adherence to the norms and values of society. Without the collective conscience, there would be no absolute morals followed in institutions or groups. Durkheim (1897) describes the collective conscience as a set of social norms by which members of a society follow. When social deviance is committed, the collective conscience is offended. Deviance pushes society's moral boundaries which, in turn leads to social change. A serious form of deviance forces people to come together and react in the same way against it. Deviance defines moral boundaries, people learn right from wrong by defining people as deviant. Any definition of virtue rests on an opposing idea of vice: There can be no good without evil and no justice without crime." "Deviance affirms cultural values and norms. He would state four important functions of deviance: Émile Durkheim would claim that deviance was in fact a normal and necessary part of social organization. Three broad sociological classes exist that describe deviant behavior, namely, structural functionalism, symbolic interaction and conflict theory. In a society, the behavior of an individual or a group determines how a deviant creates norms. "Secret deviance" which is when the individual is not perceived as deviant or participating in any rule-breaking behaviors.ĭeviant acts can be assertions of individuality and identity, and thus as rebellion against group norms of the dominant culture and in favor of a sub-culture. " Conforming", others perceive the individual to be participating in the social norms that are distributed within societies. "Pure deviance", others perceive the individual as participating in deviant and rule-breaking behavior. " Falsely accusing" an individual - others perceive the individual to be obtaining obedient or deviant behaviors. Howard Becker, a labeling theorist, identified four different types of deviant behavior labels which are given as: Some of the examples include murder, rape, incest, or child molestation. Taboo is not universal but does occur in the majority of societies. Other forms of taboo result in shame, disrespect and humiliation. Some forms of taboo are prohibited under law and transgressions may lead to severe penalties. The term “taboo” comes from the Tongan word “ tapu” meaning "under prohibition", "not allowed", or "forbidden". To speak of it publicly is condemned, and therefore, almost entirely avoided. Taboo is a strong social form of behavior considered deviant by a majority. Under informal deviance, a more opposes societal taboos. Norms that have great moral significance are mores. Informal deviance are minor violations that break unwritten rules of social life. 
Formal deviance can be described as a crime, which violates laws in a society. The violation of norms can be categorized as two forms, formal deviance and informal deviance.
2.2.1 Sutherland's differential association. 2.1.1 Durkheim's normative theory of suicide. There are two types of major deviant actions: mala in se and mala prohibita. Killing another human is generally considered wrong for example, except when governments permit it during warfare or for self-defense. ĭeviance is relative to the place where it was committed or to the time the act took place. 
Additionally, as a society's understanding of social norms changes over time, so too does the collective perception of deviance. A certain act or behaviour may be viewed as deviant and receive sanctions or punishments within one society and be seen as a normal behaviour in another society. Social norms differ throughout society and between cultures. Although a norm is violated, a behavior can still be classified as positive or acceptable. Although deviance may have a negative connotation, the violation of social norms is not always a negative action positive deviation exists in some situations. Deviance or the sociology of deviance explores the actions and/ or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).
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